Regulation of brittle diabetics by a pre-planned insulin infusion programme

Abstract

Eleven brittle diabetics, mean duration 11.5 years, all treated with highly purified porcine NPH insulin twice daily, were placed on highly purified porcine regular insulin 4 times daily for 2 days. Thereafter pre-planned intravenous insulin infusion was started. Insulin in an amount corresponding to the daily insulin requirement was infused by a mobile electric infusion pump at precalculated rates between 30 and 7 ml/hour during 2 days. The patients were ambulatory. Capillary blood glucose was taken every 30 min after meals and every two hours during the night. After an equilibration period of 7 hours, blood glucose fluctuations were in the physiological range in nearly all patients during the infusion period. [Only 1.3% of the blood samples showed glucose levels lower than 2.5 mmol/l and 2.9% levels exceeding 10.0 mmol/l during the infusion days]. Mean blood glucose (MBG) was 6.0 +/- 0.9 mmol/l (mean +/- s.d.), the standard deviation of MBG was 1.8 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, the mean amplitude of blood glucose excursions (MAGE) 4.7 +/- 1.4 mmol/l, and glucosuria 3.1 +/- 3.9 g/day. All these data of glucose homeostasis were significantly lower during the infusion days. The incidence of hypoglycaemic attacks was low (0.32/patient/day) and not significantly higher than during NPH treatment. It is concluded that near normal blood glucose fluctuations can be achieved in brittle diabetics by preplanned insulin infusion without blood glucose monitoring.