The difference in NK-cell activity between patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in immune surveillance against malignant diseases. Considering the lymphoid origin of malignant lymphomas, as well as scarce data concerning NK-cell function in these neoplasms, we evaluated NK-cell activity in 49 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 47 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), prior to therapy. Using the recommended International Working Formulation and the Ann Arbor staging system for classification of lymphomas we found, by the LDH release cytotoxicity assay, that decreased NK-cell activity (P < 0.05) in NHL patients was essentially related to unfavourable histology (13 indolent lymphomas, 25 intermediate and 11 very aggressive lymphomas were included), but that within these categories clinical stage of the disease also contributed to the degree of NK-cell dysfunction. In contrast, in HD, NK-cell activity was persistently decreased (P< 0.05), compared to controls, irrespective of histological type and clinical stage. It is of interest also that the most profound NK-cell dysfunction that is present and persistent from the onset of HD, and which appears in very aggressive NHL was associated with the phenomenon of increased spontaneous lactate acid dehydrogenase (LDH) release activity from the separated PBMC of these patients. The difference in the level of NK-cell impairment between patients with various histological grades of malignancy in NHL and HD suggests different initial participation of innate immune reactions in these diseases.