Incidence of pertussis infection in healthcare workers

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of pertussis infection in two groups of healthcare workers.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 660-bed, urban, tertiary-care university hospital.

Participants: 106 resident physicians and 39 emergency department employees.

Interventions: Antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were determined in fresh serum specimens and in stored sera collected 1 to 3 years previously. A 50% rise in both the pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin from the initial to the follow-up specimen was considered diagnostic of a pertussis infection.

Results: Two of 106 residents had serological evidence of a pertussis infection during 151.3 subject-observation years, for an annual incidence rate of 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI95], 0%-3.5%). Three of 39 emergency department employees had serological evidence of a pertussis infection during 81.2 subject-observation years, for an annual incidence of 3.6% (CI95, 0%-9.6%). Of these 5 subjects, 2 had symptomatic disease.

Conclusion: We found both symptomatic and asymptomatic pertussis infections in two cohorts of healthcare workers. Although the incidence rates were somewhat lower than found in other studies, they nonetheless were higher than for almost all other diseases for which we vaccinate healthcare workers. Our results would support the use of acellular pertussis vaccine in healthcare workers.