NMDA receptors mediate lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior produced by the stress of predator exposure--implications for anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract

It has been proposed that NMDA-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of limbic system circuits controlling defensive behavior underlies stressor-induced lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior (ALB). Findings in cats given the stress-inducing beta-carboline, FG-7142, support this hypothesis. An animal model of lasting affective change following traumatic stress has recently been developed. In this model, lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior (ALB) assessed in the elevated plus maze are produced by a single 5-min exposure of a rat to a cat. Rats become more anxious in the plus maze for up to 3 weeks after the exposure. The present study demonstrates that blockade of NMDA receptors in rats with MK-801, AP7, or CPP, given 30 min prior to exposure to a cat, prevents the increase in ALB assessed 1 week later. MK-801 or AP7, given 30 min after exposure to a cat, do not prevent the increase in ALB seen 1 week later, however. MK-801, but not CPP or AP7, promotes approaches to cats during exposure. This "fearlessness" may reflect some anxiolytic action of MK-801. Approach to cats following injection of MK-801 was eliminated by prior injection of Prazosin. Prazosin did not interfere with the block of increases in ALB following cat exposure, however. These findings are consistent with the view that NMDA receptors are involved in initiation, but not maintenance of neural changes mediating lasting increases in anxiety following severe stress. The significance of these findings for PTSD are discussed.