Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. An increase in high-frequency atrial activity in patients with right coronary artery revascularization

Abstract

The increase in atrial high-frequency activity has been reported as a marker of the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The presence of proximal right coronary artery disease is a predictor of atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery, however, the potential mechanism remains controversial. In this study, high-frequency atrial activity to clarify the electrophysiologic background for the predisposition to have proximal right coronary artery disease leading to atrial fibrillation after coronary revascularization was investigated. Before and soon after coronary revascularization, frequency analyses were performed on the 100 ms segment at the end of signal-averaged P waves in 22 patients with right coronary artery disease as opposed to the 23 patients without disease. Under the spectrum curve, area ratio (AR50) and magnitude ratios (MR) were calculated as follows; AR50 = (area 20-50 Hz/0-20 Hz) x 100, and MR = (magnitude at 20, 30, 40 and 50 Hz, respectively/maximal magnitude) x 100. In patients with proximal right coronary artery disease, high-frequency atrial components increased significantly in the 20 to 50 Hz range after coronary revascularization, and the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was higher than in those without disease. In patients without right coronary artery disease, the frequency distribution of P waves was unchanged. Postoperatively, the two groups showed the same atrial frequency distribution. This data suggests that the increase in high-frequency atrial activity after right coronary artery revascularization might be associated with the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation.