Early events of hepatic metastasis formation in mice: role of Kupffer and NK-cells in natural and interferon-gamma-stimulated defense

Abstract

Surgical manipulation of a tumor may result in increased influx of tumor cells into the systemic and portal circulation and give rise to formation of metastases. In addition, major surgery has been reported to cause profound immunosuppression. In an attempt to increase the host-antitumor immune mechanisms following surgery we have studied the effect of preoperative administration of interferon-gamma, related to the antimetastatic effects of Kupffer cells (KC) and natural killer cells (NK-cells) in the early phase of liver metastasis formation. Colon carcinoma cells were injected into the superior mesenteric vein of syngeneic mice and after 17 days metastases were quantified by weight, number, and uptake of [125I]iododeoxyuridine. Unstimulated control mice developed 10.5 surface nodules per liver 17 days following injection of colon carcinoma cells into the superior mesenteric vein of syngeneic mice. This figure was only 2.6 in mice stimulated with a single dose of 1000 IU IFN-gamma 4 h prior to inoculation of tumor cells. Administration of GdCl3, which is reported to deplete and block the function of Kupffer cells, 24 h prior to tumor cell inoculation resulted in a 5-fold tumor mass increase relative to control. Injection of anti-asiolo-GM1 antiserum, which eliminates the hepatic NK-cells, induced a 10-fold increase in tumor mass. These results indicate an important early antimetastatic function of hepatic NK-cells and KC and that presurgical administration of IFN-gamma may be important for eliminating circulating tumor cells and inhibiting development of residual tumors.