Detection of amblyopia and development of binocular vision in infants and children

Abstract

Studies of visual development indicate that rapid changes occur in the first months of life and that it is during this period that the visual system is prone to aberrant development. The call for visual screening of children younger than 3 years of age is sensible in light of recent research findings. For children with visual problems, some recovery of visual function can occur if treatment is begun early. New tests of stereoacuity and vernier acuity may aid in the diagnosis of amblyopia, which is underestimated by grating acuity measures. Electrophysiologic testing, using visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms, is helpful in diagnosing visual problems at an early age.