Kaposi's sarcoma in the Gambia, West Africa is less frequent in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 than in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection despite a high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) infection in the Gambia; to document the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection in various population groups in the Gambia.

Study design/methods: A retrospective analysis of KS cases in hospital records at the Medical Research Council (MRC) hospital was performed, along with a cross-sectional survey of HHV-8 prevalence in hospital-based and community-based study population with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serologic assays.

Results: After adjusting for gender and CD% at the first visit, HIV-1-positive patients were 12.4 times more likely to have KS than were HIV-2-positive patients. The prevalence of antibodies to HHV-8 and the HHV-8 genome was high in both HIV-1-positive and HIV-2-positive patients without KS. The prevalence of antibodies was also high in pregnant women who were HIV-1-positive, HIV-2-positive, or HIV-negative (73%, 83%, and 79%, respectively).

Conclusions: HHV-8 infection is widespread in the Gambia. In addition to immunosuppression and HHV-8 infection, other cofactors specifically related to HIV-1 rather than HIV-2 appear to be involved in the development of KS.