Intravenous loading of valproate for epilepsy

Abstract

Valproate is an antiepileptic drug that has broad spectrum activity against several types of seizure. Little information is available about the use of valproate for acute loading of patients when a rapid increase in serum level is needed. We describe the use of intravenous valproate in 20 adults with epilepsy. In each case, a loading dose was calculated by multiplying the patient's body mass, desired change in serum level, and estimated volume of distribution. The mean dose (+/- SD) administered was 1420 +/- 440 mg (19.4 +/- 5.4 mg/kg). In four patients, the dose was infused at 20 mg/min; in all other patients, infusions were performed at 50 mg/min. The infusions were tolerated well and few clinical side effects were observed. Postinfusion levels were drawn and the apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be 0.22 +/- 0.04 L/kg. The results indicate that intravenous valproate may be used to quickly and efficiently increase serum levels in patients with epilepsy.