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. 1999 Mar-Apr;5(2):247-53.
doi: 10.3201/eid0502.990209.

emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci

R Facklam  1 , B Beall, A Efstratiou, V Fischetti, D Johnson, E Kaplan, P Kriz, M Lovgren, D Martin, B Schwartz, A Totolian, D Bessen, S Hollingshead, F Rubin, J Scott, G Tyrrell
Affiliations

emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci

R Facklam et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

This report discusses the following issues related to typing of group A streptococci (GAS): The development and use of the 5' emm variable region sequencing (emm typing) in relation to the existing serologic typing system; the designation of emm types in relation to M types; a system for validation of new emm types; criteria for validation of provisional M types to new M-types; a list of reference type cultures for each of the M-type or emm-type strains of GAS; the results of the first culture exchange program for a quality control testing system among the national and World Health Organization collaborating centers for streptococci; and dissemination of new approaches to typing of GAS to the international streptococcal community.

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