Cough as the ambiguous indicator of airway obstruction in asthma

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that cough frequency during induced airway obstruction in children and adolescents with asthma relates significantly to other symptoms. The second hypothesis was that cough during remission may often be a conditioned or voluntary response. In experiment 1, tracheal sounds were recorded from 30 participants with asthma during a histamine challenge test. In experiment 2, tracheal sounds were recorded from 30 participants with and 30 without asthma during a standardized physical exercise task. Cough and respiratory wheeze were assessed from the sound records by two examiners independently. The results showed that cough during airway obstruction did not relate to other variables. Only the second hypothesis was supported. In both experiments the frequency of cough was independent of lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]), wheezing, dyspnea, and severity of asthma. The percentage of participants with asthma who coughed in experiment 1 increased from 21% (baseline) to 71% after histamine inhalation. During experiment 2, the cough percentage increased from 52% to 69% in asthmatics, and from zero to 57% in controls. It was concluded that cough in asthma is not diagnostically useful for assessment of airway obstruction. Excessive baseline cough among asthmatics could be the result of acquired responses to anticipated exercise-induced symptoms.