Increased prevalence of antithyroid antibodies identified in women with recurrent pregnancy loss but not in women undergoing assisted reproduction

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase (or microsomal) in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) compared with healthy controls.

Design: Retrospective, two-centered study.

Setting: University-affiliated private patient centers.

Patient(s): Included were 700 women with a history of two or more consecutive pregnancy losses, 688 women with a history of infertility who were undergoing ART, and 200 healthy, reproductive-aged female controls.

Intervention(s): Blood was collected before ART cycles, frozen, and assayed.

Main outcome measure(s): Standardized ELISAs were used to measure antithyroid antibodies and TSH levels. Statistical analysis was performed with use of the two-tailed Fisher's exact test.

Result(s): Antithyroid antibodies were identified in 29 of 200 (14.5%) of controls and 158 of 700 (22.5%) of women with recurrent pregnancy loss and 132 of 688 (19.2%) of women undergoing ART. Less than 20% of the women with antithyroid antibodies were clinically hypothyroid.

Conclusion(s): Antithyroid antibodies are identified more frequently in women with recurrent pregnancy loss than in controls but not in women undergoing ART. These autoantibodies may be markers of autoimmune activation and have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss and postpartum thyroid disease.