Risk and prevention of hepatitis C virus infection. Implications for dentistry

Abstract

Background: The occupational risk of hepatitis C virus, or HCV, infection in dentistry is very low. Nonetheless, the lack of an effective vaccine, the high rates of chronic infection and the limited effectiveness of treatment may cause concern for dental workers who come into contact with blood in their daily practices.

Description of the disorder: The authors discuss the natural history, diagnosis and treatment, and patterns of transmission of HCV infection, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations for management and follow-up of health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV.

Clinical implications: In the absence of an effective vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis, prevention of occupational transmission of HCV in dental settings continues to rely on the use of universal precautions, including barrier precautions and the safe handling of sharp instruments.