Use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures as artificial tendinous cords in children with congenital mitral regurgitation

Abstract

Objective: To determine the efficacy in the intermediate term of artificial cords inserted in children with congenital mitral regurgitation.

Methods: We reconstructed the tendinous cords using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures in 11 children with severe mitral regurgitation. In these patients, the aortic (anterior) leaflet of the mitral valve had been markedly prolapsed, the tendinous cords being partially lacking in seven, and elongated in the remaining four. In addition, one of the papillary muscles was hypoplastic in five and absent in three. The number of artificial cords constructed varied from two to six. Conventional annuloplasty was performed in all to plicate the dilated annular attachment of the valve. Ventricular septal defect was present in four patients, and other associated malformations in another two. Age at operation ranged from 9 months to 9 years old, with a mean of 4.5 years.

Results: All patients survived the operation. No reoperation has been needed thus far. No complications were encountered related to the use of the prosthetic materials or anticoagulation. As judged by echocardiography, regurgitation became trivial or slight immediately after the repair. In two patients, however, regurgitation recurred within 1 year of the operation. Coaptation between the leaflets was maintained by a compensatory growth at the site of attachment of the artificial cords. Catheterization demonstrated significant improvements in the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle.

Conclusion: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures can be used as artificial cords when attempting to repair the malformed mitral valve in children, providing excellent results in the short- and the intermediate-term after the surgical procedure.