Boosting social support in caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Providing care for a child that is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is challenging for the child's caregiver and affects the entire family system. Research has demonstrated that social support has the potential to buffer caregiver stress and facilitate caregiver coping. A two-group experimental study was implemented to test the effect of a social support boosting intervention on caregiver stress, coping and social support among caregivers of children with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The subjects in the study were caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS. The sample strata included seropositive caregivers (biological parents) and seronegative caregivers (foster parents and extended family members). The measures for the study included the Derogatis Stress Profile, The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, and the Tilden Interpersonal Relationship Inventory. These data were then analyzed descriptively and then with a repeated measure MANOVA. Initially, there were no statistically significant differences found between the control and intervention groups. However, when subject HIV status was included in the analysis, the combined dependent variables of stress, coping, and social support were significantly related to the interactions of group by HIV status over time. F values were then computed and no statistically significant differences were found for stress or coping. There were, however, significant differences in measures of social support between groups when adjusting for HIV status of caregivers. In this study, social support levels over time for seronegative caregivers were significantly different from those of seronegative caregivers in the control group. Three case studies are presented that illustrate differences between seronegative and seropositive caregivers. The case studies describe the problems identified by caregivers and the effectiveness of problem solving using the social support boosting intervention. Finally, the mobilization of social support is discussed. Contrasts between the problems of caregivers are made relative to their HIV status. The potential for the effectiveness of the social support boosting intervention is discussed within the context of the caregiver's HIV status.