The West Coast Study. I: Self-reported dental health and the use of dental services

Abstract

This study examined self-reported dental health and the use of dental services in a sample of the population of the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The study differs from previous national surveys in that it provides a regional focus in a relatively remote area of the country; it provides an estimate of the prevalence and severity of dental anxiety among New Zealanders, using an instrument with a long history of use and validation; and it estimates the social impact of oral conditions. A questionnaire was mailed to 450 adult members of the population chosen at random from the electoral roll. The overall response rate was 76.6 percent. A dental check-up was the most commonly reported reason for the last visit to the dentist, although presentation for a specific problem accounted for 63 percent of all dental visits. Some 78.8 percent of the respondents described themselves as dentate, and episodic dental visiting was reported by 53 percent of that group. Higher proportions of episodic use of dental services were observed among beneficiaries, those on low incomes, and those who were classified as dentally anxious. Six percent of respondents had their last dentally treatment funded by public monies, and a further 3.6 percent did not have to pay. Beneficiaries and Community Services Cardholders were more likely to make up these groups. While public funding ensures access to care for a substantial number of individuals. West Coast dentists are supplementing this care by providing treatment without charge for a small number of people. Various adverse impacts of oral conditions were reported by up to 8.6 percent of respondents; more Community Cardholders reported feeling self-conscious or embarrassed than non-Community Cardholders. Geographic isolation and lack of choice of dental practitioner did not appear to be factors in determining utilisation. The two characteristics associated with poorer self-reported dental health and infrequent use of dental services were lower socio-economic status and self-reported dental anxiety. The findings of this study provide regional-level confirmation of the general findings of the 1976 and 1988 national studies.