Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures

Abstract

Background: Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures are uncommon. The diagnosis of such injuries is based on clinical findings and confirmed by arteriography.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: University Level I trauma center.

Patients: Five men and three women, aged seventeen to seventy-six years, with injuries to the common and external iliac arteries associated with pelvic fractures.

Results: All patients sustained complex pelvic fractures associated with multiple blunt injuries. Five injuries occurred on the right side. Two patients had an associated right vertical shear pelvic fracture. In five patients, vascular injury was diagnosed in the first six hours after admission. One patient presented with an aneurysm of the right common iliac artery two months after his initial injury. All patients underwent surgical repair with an interposition graft, which failed in two patients, who underwent vascular reconstruction ten hours after the injury. One patient died of associated injuries.

Conclusions: Arterial hyperextension with intimal damage seems to be the most likely cause of this injury. Ideally, an extraperitoneal approach should be attempted to minimize blood losses and, due to the size of the iliac vessels, an interposition graft should be used for reconstruction.