To operate or not on elderly patients with aortic stenosis: the decision and its consequences

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the application of guidelines in the decision making process leading to medical or surgical treatment for aortic stenosis in elderly patients.

Design: Cohort analysis based on a prospective inclusive registry.

Setting: 205 consecutive patients (>/= 70 years) with clinically relevant isolated aortic stenosis and without serious comorbidity, seen for the first time in the Doppler-echocardiographic laboratories of three university hospitals in the Netherlands.

Results: The initial choice was surgery in 94 patients and medical treatment in 111. Only 59% of the patients who should have had valve replacement according to the practice guidelines were actually offered surgical treatment. These were mainly symptomatic patients under 80 years of age with a high gradient. Operative mortality (30 days) was only 2%. The three year survival was 80% in the surgical group (17 deaths among 94 patients) and 49% in the medical group (43/111). Multivariate analysis showed that only patients with a high baseline risk, mainly determined by impaired left ventricular function, had a significantly better three year survival with surgical treatment than with medical treatment.

Conclusions: In daily practice, elderly patients with clinically relevant symptomatic aortic stenosis are often denied surgical treatment. This study indicates that a surgical approach, especially where there is impaired systolic left ventricular function, is associated with better survival.

Figure 1

Survival in elderly patients with aortic stenosis stratified by treatment.

Figure 2

Survival in patients with (A) low, (B) intermediate, and (C) high individual risk score, stratified by treatment.