Minimally invasive videoscopic parathyroidectomy by lateral approach

Abstract

Methods: A videoscopic parathyroidectomy was performed in 22 patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). No patient had undergone previous neck surgery, presented with goiter or had a history of familial PHPT. Ultrasonography and Sestamibi scanning were performed preoperatively. Rapid intact parathormone assay was used during surgery. Through a 15-mm transversal skin incision on the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), the fascia connecting the lateral portion of the strap muscles and the thyroid lobe with the carotid sheath was gently divided, far enough to visualize the prevertebral fascia. Once enough space was created, three trocars were inserted: a 12-mm trocar through the incision and two 2.5-mm trocars on the line of the anterior border of the SCM, above and below the first trocar. Carbon dioxide was insufflated to 8 mmHg. Unilateral video-assisted parathyroid exploration was then carried out using a 10-mm O(o) endoscope. Once the adenoma had been identified, the trocars were removed. Then, directly through the skin incision, the thyroid lobe was retracted medially and the adenoma was extracted after clipping its pedicle. Among the 23 enlarged glands, 20 (80%) were correctly identified by endoscopic exploration: mean weight 843 mg (100 mg to 5 g). The exploration was unilateral in 17 patients but bilateral in 5. Mean time of unilateral endoscopic exploration was 84 min (40-130 min). Morbidity was represented by two superficial hematomas. All 22 patients were biochemically cured, follow-up ranging from 3 months to 14 months.

Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates that minimally invasive videoscopic parathyroidectomy by lateral approach is a feasible surgical procedure.