Osseointegration of sintered porous-surfaced and plasma spray-coated implants: An animal model study of early postimplantation healing response and mechanical stability

Abstract

The osseointegration and long-term success of bone-interfacing implants are dependent on mechanical stability of the implant relative to host bone during the early healing period. The geometric design of an implant surface may play an important role in affecting early implant stabilization, possibly by influencing tissue healing dynamics. In this study, we compared the early tissue healing response and resulting implant stability for two surface designs by characterizing the histological and mechanical properties of the healing tissue around Ti6Al4V sintered porous-surfaced and Ti plasma-sprayed implants. The implants were inserted transversely in rabbit femoral condyles and evaluated at 0, 4, 8, and 16 days postimplantation. At 4 and 8 days after implantation, the early healing tissue (fibrin and collagenous matrix) was more extensively integrated with the three-dimensional interconnected structure of the sintered porous surface than with the irregular geometry of the plasma-sprayed coating. In addition, histological examination indicated that initial matrix mineralization leading to osseointegration occurred more rapidly with the porous-surfaced implants. The more extensive tissue integration and more rapid matrix mineralization with the porous-surfaced implants were reflected in the mechanical test data, which demonstrated greater attachment strength and interfacial stiffness for the porous-surfaced implants 4 and 8 days postimplantation (p <.05). Sixteen days after implantation, both implant designs were osseointegrated and had comparable attachment characteristics. These data demonstrate that appropriate surface design selection can improve early implant stability and induce an accelerated healing response, thereby improving the potential for implant osseointegration.