Long-term sensorineural hearing deficit following radiotherapy in patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective study

Abstract

Background: This was a prospective study to evaluate the effect of radical external irradiation on inner ear function after treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods: Pure tone audiograms were performed at regular intervals before, after, and up to 4.5 years following completion of radiotherapy.

Results: Two hundred ninety-four patients (526 ears) were included. Within 3 months after radiotherapy, deterioration of bone conduction threshold at 4 kHz and pure tone average (average of 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz) were noted in 164 ears (31%) and 75 ears (14%), respectively. Patients older than 50 years and ears with threshold below 60 dB at 4 kHz before radiotherapy were significant factors (p < 0.01 and p < 0. 001) associated with a 4 kHz loss. In 40% of these ears, recovery was evident at 2 years. With follow-up for 4.5 years, the probability of significant threshold deterioration increased with time.

Conclusion: Sensorineural hearing loss started soon after radiotherapy. Early changes could be reversible while the probability of persistent hearing loss continued to increase.