Medium- and long-term results of high tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis in an agricultural population

Abstract

High tibial valgus osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis was performed in 63 consecutive patients in a homogenous agricultural population using two different surgical techniques. Patients were divided into two groups. A two-level Mittelmeier osteotomy was performed in group A patients, and a lateral closed wedge high tibial osteotomy using the AO/ASIF L-plate was performed in group B patients. Operations were performed by two different groups of surgeons. Patients were evaluated postoperatively for correction of knee axis, functional result, subjective impression, and complications. In group A patients, 80% of the operated knees were corrected to the mechanical axis and in group B patients, 82% of the knees were corrected to 6 degrees-10 degrees valgus of the anatomical axis. Ninety percent, 70%, and 54% of group A and 91%, 73%, and 57% of group B patients were rated as satisfactory results at 5, 9, and 12 years postoperatively, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. One year postoperatively, 91% of group A and 96% of group B patients reported their symptoms had improved. However, patient satisfaction decreased at 5, 7, and 12 years postoperatively, with 91%, 89%, and 66% of group A and 96%, 93%, and 68%, respectively, of group B patients reporting their symptoms had improved; these differences were not statistically significant. Postoperatively, most patients returned to full agricultural activity. Total knee arthroplasty, which was later required in 12% of the knees, was not significantly jeopardized by the previous osteotomy.