Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 1999 Oct 12;96(21):11693-5.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.21.11693.

Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates virus-induced apoptosis: a new role for an old actor

R J Kaufman  1
Affiliations
Review

Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates virus-induced apoptosis: a new role for an old actor

R J Kaufman. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viral inhibitors of the PKR pathway. PKR is depicted as a monomer with a kinase domain (KD) and two dsRNA binding domains (RBD) bound to the 60S ribosomal subunit. The binding of dsRNA induces a conformational change to promote PKR dimerization, autophosphorylation, and activation of the eIF-2α kinase activity. Activated PKR also leads to activation of NF-κB, p53, and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Viral inhibitors that act through different mechanisms are depicted. Adenovirus VA RNAs, Epstein–Barr virus EBER RNAs, and HIV transactivator responsive region TAR RNA bind and inhibit PKR and presumably displace PKR from the ribosome. Numerous viral proteins, such as vaccinia virus E3L, influenza virus NS1, and reovirus σ3 bind and sequester dsRNA, thereby preventing activation by dsRNA. Vaccinia virus K3L and HIV trans-activating transcriptional activator Tat act to inhibit PKR binding to eIF-2α. Protein phosphatase PP1 dephosphorylates phosphorylated eIF-2α as well as phosphorylated PKR. Herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a protein γ32.5 that facilitates activation of PP1. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS5A prevents PKR dimerization. In addition, influenza virus activates a cellular inhibitor P58IPK that also inhibits PKR dimerization. Poliovirus induces PKR degradation. (See ref. and references therein). met represents initiator methionyl tRNA, and AUG represents the initiator codon.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Sen G C, Ransohoff R M. Adv Virus Res. 1993;42:57–102. - PubMed
    1. Player M R, Torrence P F. Pharmacol Ther. 1998;78:55–113. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yeung M C, Chang D L, Camanitigue R E, Lau A L. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:11860–11865. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu S, Kaufman R J. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:1291–1296. - PubMed
    1. Pain V M. Eur J Biochem. 1996;236:747–771. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources