Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irinotecan administered as a low-dose, continuous intravenous infusion over 14 days in patients with malignant solid tumors

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of administering irinotecan as a continuous intravenous infusion for 14 to 21 days.

Patients and methods: Patients with solid tumors refractory to standard therapy received continuous infusions of irinotecan by means of an ambulatory infusion pump. The starting dosage was 12.5 mg/m(2)/d for 14 days every 3 weeks. After identification of the maximum-tolerated dose for the 14-day infusion schedule, the protocol was amended to prolong the infusion duration to 17 and 21 days. Pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and SN-38 and its glucuronide were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and noncompartmental modeling.

Results: Thirty-three patients received 85+ courses. At the first dose level (12.5 mg/m(2)/d), cumulative grade 3 or 4 diarrhea and grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in three of five patients. At a dosage of 10 mg/m(2)/d, 14-day administration resulted in grade 4 diarrhea in two of six patients and one episode of grade 4 vomiting occurred, whereas with 17-day administration, one episode of grade 3 nausea and two episodes of grade 3 or 4 diarrhea were observed in six patients. Increasing the number of days of infusion to 21 days was not feasible because of cumulative diarrhea. Hematologic toxicity was rare. The mean metabolic SN-38 area under the curve/irinotecan area under the curve ratio was 16% +/- 6% compared with 3% to 5% after short infusion schedules involving therapeutic dosages. Partial responses were observed in two patients with extraovarian and colorectal cancer.

Conclusion: The recommended dosage is 10 mg/m(2)/d for 14 days, repeated every 3 weeks. Enhanced metabolism of irinotecan to SN-38 may explain in part the low recommended dose for this schedule.