Effect of superficial scald suppression by diphenylamine application on volatile evolution by stored Cortland apple fruit

Abstract

Cortland apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.) stored for 120-140 days in air at 0 degrees C were warmed to 22 degrees C and held for 8 days. A portion of the fruit was dipped in a solution of diphenylamine (DPA) at harvest to prevent scald development. Scald occurred only in those fruit not treated with DPA, and its development was accelerated after transfer to 22 degrees C. Ester production from apple fruit tended to increase from day 0 to day 6 of poststorage holding and declined thereafter in both treatments. However, ester production in scald-developing fruit was reduced by approximately 50%. The reduction in volatile production remained relatively constant during the rapid development of scald symptoms. Furthermore, the reduction in volatile production appeared to be independent of respiration and ethylene production. Production of esters derived from hexanol was most reduced in fruit developing scald, with hexyl 2-methylbutanoate production being reduced approximately 15-fold. Interestingly, the production of methyl butanoate was detected only in scalding fruit. alpha-Farnesene production in fruit developing scald was reduced 43% compared with DPA-treated fruit. In contrast, the primary volatile oxidation product of alpha-farnesene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), was present only in fruit developing scald. The data suggest that inhibition of ester production may occur as a result of the physiological changes associated with susceptibility to, rather than expression of, scald symptoms.