Influence of pre-adolescent diet on quantitative ultrasound measurements of the calcaneus in young adult women

Abstract

Nongenetic determinants of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) properties of the bone remain to be identified. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between early adolescent diet and QUS bone measurements taken in young adulthood. Subjects were participants in the 10-year longitudinal National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS). QUS parameters measured at the calcaneus in a convenience subsample of 63 18- to 19-year-old black and white women were correlated with dietary data collected when the subjects were aged 9-11 years. We hypothesized that pre-adolescent intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin C and protein, nutrients known to be associated with bone development, would be associated with QUS measurements in young women. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, controlling for race, height and weight, demonstrated that pre-adolescent intake of calcium and magnesium were positively related to QUS parameters (calcium with broadband ultrasound attenuation, and magnesium with speed of sound and bone velocity). Our findings suggest that pre-adolescent diet may be associated with bone properties as measured by ultrasound. Further investigations of this relationship may yield a deeper understanding of the impact of diet on skeletal development. The small size of the convenience sample used for the analysis precludes stronger inferences at this time.