Importance of high radiation doses (72 Gy or greater) in the treatment of stage T1-T3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the effect of total radiation dose on the outcome of patients treated with external beam radiotherapy for early-stage prostate cancer.

Methods: The records of a total of 738 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (RT) and no androgen deprivation at our institution between July 1986 and February 1999 were reviewed. Two risk groups were defined: favorable (Stage T1-T2, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level 10.0 ng/mL or less, and biopsy Gleason score 6 or less) and unfavorable (Stage T3 lesion or pretreatment PSA level greater than 10.0 ng/mL or biopsy Gleason score 7 or greater). The median RT dose was 70.0 Gy (range 57.6 to 78.0), with 192 patients (26%) receiving at least 72.0 Gy. The mean follow-up was 45 months.

Results: The 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) rate was 58%. The 5-year bRFS rate for patients who received radiation doses of 72 Gy or greater versus less than 72 Gy was 85% and 54%, respectively (P <0.001). On multivariate analysis of factors affecting bRFS rates, the number of follow-up PSA levels (P <0.001), tumor stage (P <0.001), pretreatment PSA (P <0.001), biopsy Gleason score (P <0.00 1), and RT dose (P = 0.001) were the only independent predictors of outcome. For favorable tumors, the 5-year bRFS rate for patients who received radiation doses of 72 Gy or greater versus less than 72 Gy was 98% and 81 %, respectively (P = 0.023). For unfavorable tumors, the 5-year bRFS rate for patients who received radiation doses of 72 Gy or greater versus less than 72 Gy was 75% and 41 %, respectively (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Patients receiving radiation doses of 72 Gy or higher had a significantly better outcome. The improvement was seen in all subgroups of patients. If these results are confirmed, radiation doses exceeding 72 Gy should be considered the standard of care. Inc.