[Sickle cell anemia and pregnancy: review of 68 cases in Guadeloupe]

Abstract

Pregnancy in women with major sickle cell syndromes is a high risk maternofetal situation. This descriptive study presents the features and the clinical course of 68 pregnancies in sickle cell women who were delivered in Guadeloupe from January 1(st) 1993 to December 31(st) 1997. Specific complications were observed in all hemoglobin types, but with a severer course in SS women. Painful vaso-occlusive crises were the main causes of hospitalisation (88% of SS pregnancies and 27% of SC pregnancies) associated most often with worsening anemia and / or infection. Acute chest syndrome was observed in all genotypes at any time throughout pregnancy and during the post partum period. One death occurred (a 16 years old SBeta(+)thal woman). Fetal mortality and morbidity were also high, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death being the most frequent fetal complications. The rates of prematurity (21%) and caesarean section (48%) were higher than in the whole population. Three (3) neonatal deaths occurred. A multidisciplinary and specific approach, vigilance of health care providers and patient compliance are required to manage efficiently pregnancy, delivery and post partum in sickle cell women.