Fetal therapy for obstructive uropathy: past, present.future?

Abstract

Antenatal treatment of obstructive uropathy, although widely performed, remains controversial. An overview of prenatal therapy for obstructive uropathy, the limitations of the early published experience, advances of recent years, and future directions for treatment are reviewed. The clinical approach and outcomes of the Fetal Treatment Program of Hutzel Hospital and Wayne State University are presented. Patient selection for antenatal treatment is based on the existence of a significant threat of neonatal death due to pulmonary hypoplasia, pending exclusion criteria such as anatomical structural anomalies and chromosomal defects. Ultrasonography, karyotyping, and sequential urinary electrolyte analysis are essential. Current treatment involves the placement under ultrasonic guidance of a Rodeck vesicoamniotic shunt. Recent technical advances include the use of amnioinfusion for fetal visualization, temporary fetal paralysis, routine antibiotics, and more-precise catheter placement. The establishment of standardized short- and long-term outcome measures and the documentation of fetal and maternal complications are in progress. Procedural refinement, development of fetoscopic techniques and equipment, identification of urinary markers to aid patient selection, and the collection of multicenter outcome data will assist the future management of prenatally detected obstructive uropathy.