Temporal bone computed tomography findings in bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Aim: To examine the yield of computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bones when investigating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to identify factors associated with CT findings.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 116 consecutively investigated children with bilateral SNHL at the audiology department of Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. Main outcome measures were CT results, hearing loss parameters, history, and clinical examination.

Results: A total of 33 (28.4%) CT scans were identified as abnormal. Children with profound and/or progressive hearing loss and/or craniofacial abnormalities were more likely to have an abnormal CT scan and together accounted for 25 abnormal CT scans. Sex, consanguineous parents, or family history of SNHL were not associated with CT findings. Dilated vestibular aqueduct was significantly correlated with the presence of progressive SNHL.

Conclusions: All children with SNHL should undergo radiological investigation of the petrous bones/inner ear; abnormalities are more likely to be found in cases with craniofacial abnormalities, or profound or progressive hearing loss. The decision whether to perform a CT or magnetic resonance imaging will depend on scanner availability, expertise, and management considerations, but cochlear implant candidates will require both.