Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 binding to CTLA-4: absence of direct YVKM/YFIP motif recognition

Abstract

CTLA-4 is well documented in its negative regulation of T-cell proliferation. However, little is known regarding the signaling mechanisms induced by CTLA-4. CTLA-4 associates with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the phosphatase SHP-2 and the clathrin adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2. SHP-2 SH2 domain binding to CTLA-4 is unusual given the absence of a I/VxYxxI/V/L motif. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of CTLA-4 tyrosines (YVKM and YFIP) fails to allow for single or tandem SHP-2 SH2 domain binding. This was observed using wild-type and inactive SHP-2 as well as a construct with the isolated two SH2 domains. The phosphorylated YVKM and YFIP motifs therefore do not appear to represent novel binding motifs for SHP-2 SH2 domains. At the same time, we could confirm that SHP-2 can associate with CTLA-4 in murine T-cells indicating that the interaction between the phosphatase and CTLA-4 is an indirect event, possibly mediated by PI 3-kinase/SHP-2 binding.