Irradiation alone or in combination with surgery in stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A nonrandomized comparison

Abstract

This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 244 patients with stage IB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 92 treated with preoperative radiation and surgery and 77 patients with stage IIA treated by radiation alone and 24 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The techniques of irradiation and types of operation are described in detail. The five-year tumor free actuarial survival for the patients with stage IB treated either with irradiation alone or combined with surgery was approximately 85% and the ten-year survival, 78%. For stage IIA the tumor free actuarial five-year survival without tumor was 73% and for ten years, 60%. In the 244 patients treated with radiation alone, there were ten central failures (4%) usually combined with distant metastasis. Further, 16 of these patients (6.5%) developed parametrial recurrence, in all but one instance associated with distant metastasis. In the 92 patients with stage IB treated with combined therapy, there were three local recurrences (3.8%), two of them combined with parametrial failures and six parametrial recurrences (6.5%), all of them concomitant with distant metastasis. Of the 77 patients with stage IIA treated by irradiation alone, there was one central recurrence alone and five local and parametrial recurrences, all of them associated with periaortic nodes or distant metastasis. Four additional patients had parametrial recurrences only concurrent with distant metastasis. Of the 24 patients treated with irradiation and surgery, there were two parametrial recurrences combined with distant metastasis (8.2%). There was no significant difference in the survival or recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. In the group treated with combined therapy, patients with stage IB who showed evidence of microscopic residual tumor after irradiation had a failure rate of approximately 42% (8/18) in contrast to only 8.6% (6/70) in those with negative specimens. In stage IIA there were three failures in eight patients with residual tumor in the specimen in contrast to only two of 16 with negative specimens (12.5%). Major complications were comparable in both groups (radiation alone approximately 8.7% and irradiation combined with surgery approximately 14%), the difference is not statistically significant. The most frequent minor complication in patients treated with radiation alone was vaginal fibrosis (30 patients--9%) or vaginal vault necrosis (10 patients--3%).