Parenchymal pineal tumors: a clinicopathological study of 76 cases

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify factors that could lead to optimization of the management of pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT) which remains equivocal and controversial.

Methods and materials: In order to determine factors that influence PPT prognosis, a series of 76 consecutive patients from 12 European centers with histologically proven tumors was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical records and material for histologic review were available in all cases. Follow-up was achieved in 90% of cases.

Results: According to WHO classification, there were 19 pineocytomas, 28 intermediate and mixed PPT, and 29 pineoblastomas. According to a four-grade institutional classification, there were 11 Grade 1, 27 Grade 2, 20 Grade 3, and 18 Grade 4. Surgical resection was attempted in 44 patients, whereas 30 had biopsy only. In one case, diagnosis was made at autopsy and in another on spinal deposits. Forty-four patients were irradiated following surgery, 15 patients received chemotherapy. Forty-one patients were alive (median follow-up: 85 months); 9 patients died perioperatively; 26 patients relapsed. Univariate analysis showed a good outcome correlated with age above 20 years, tumor diameter less than 25 mm, and low-grade histology. Multivariate analysis confirmed histology and tumor volume to be significant independent prognostic factors. The extent of surgery and radiotherapy had no clear influence on survival.

Conclusions: This review highlights the prognostic features of PPT and may help to determine treatment strategies based on radiologic and pathologic characteristics.