Hepatitis C virus infection in institutionalized psychiatric patients: possible role of transmission by razor sharing

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine if HCV can be transmitted from patient to patient in psychiatric institutions and to determine possible routes of infection. We did a cross-sectional survey of 196 Japanese psychiatric patients tested for HCV and HBV markers and 400 age- and sex-matched controls. Anti-HCV was detected in 10.2% and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was detected in 44.4% of the patients, a significantly higher prevalence than found among matched controls. A multiple regression logistic analysis was used to identify risk factors that could indicate the route of infection by HCV. Duration of hospitalization, age, razor sharing, and history of surgery proved to be statistically significant independent risk factors associated with positive anti-HCV results [odds ratio (OR), 4.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), CI, 1.74-9.19; OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.27-1.3.77; OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 1.29-18.86; OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 0.997-11.3, respectively]. These observations suggest that razor sharing played an important role in the spread of the HCV infection in the institutionalized psychiatric patients we studied.