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Review
. 2000 Apr;31(2):159-76.
doi: 10.1016/s0030-5898(05)70138-3.

Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder

A M Halder  1 , E Itoi, K N An
Affiliations
Review

Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder

A M Halder et al. Orthop Clin North Am. 2000 Apr.

Abstract

The anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are the subjects of this article. The anatomies of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles are described in detail, and current biomechanical concepts concerning motion, stability, and force are presented. Morphologic and biomechanical changes in pathologic conditions briefly are described.

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