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. 2000 Apr;66(4):1698-701.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.4.1698-1701.2000.

A tetrodotoxin-producing Vibrio strain, LM-1, from the puffer fish Fugu vermicularis radiatus

M J Lee  1 , D Y Jeong, W S Kim, H D Kim, C H Kim, W W Park, Y H Park, K S Kim, H M Kim, D S Kim
Affiliations

A tetrodotoxin-producing Vibrio strain, LM-1, from the puffer fish Fugu vermicularis radiatus

M J Lee et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Apr.

Abstract

Identification of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its derivatives produced from a Vibrio strain in the intestine of the puffer fish Fugu vermicularis radiatus was performed by thin-layer chromatography, electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, together with a mouse bioassay for toxicity. It was demonstrated that the isolated bacterium produced TTX, 4-epi-TTX, and anhTTX during cultivation, suggesting that Vibrio strains are responsible for the toxification of the puffer fish.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
HPLC pattern of the TTX fraction from a Vibrio strain isolated from F. vermicularis radiatus puffer fish intestines (top), along with authentic TTXs (bottom). A, TDA; B, TTX; C, 4-epi-TTX; D, anh-TTX.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
GC-MS analysis of the trimethylsilyated derivatives from authentic TTXs (top), and of the corresponding derivatives from the TTX fraction of a Vibrio strain isolated from F. vermicularis radiatus puffer fish intestines (bottom).
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Electrophoresis of the TTX fraction of a Vibrio strain (LM-1) isolated from F. vermicularis radiatus puffer fish intestines, along with authentic TTXs (STD). Electrophoresis was conducted on a cellulose acetate strip (Chemetron) in 0.08 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.7) at 0.8 mA/cm for 30 min. After development, samples were heated for 10 min and visualized under UV light (365 nm). A, TDA; B, anh-TTX; C, TTX.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
TLC of the TTX fraction of a Vibrio strain (LM-1) isolated from F. vermicularis radiatus puffer fish intestines, along with authentic TTXs (STD). Toxins were developed on a precoated Whatman LHP-K silica gel plate with a solvent system of pyridine-ethyl acetate-acetic acid-water (15:5:3:4). Detection was the same as for Fig. 3. A, TDA; B, TTX; C, anh-TTX.
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Comment in

  • No ability to produce tetrodotoxin in bacteria.
    Matsumura K. Matsumura K. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 May;67(5):2393-4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.8.3.2393-2394.2001. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001. PMID: 11386243 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

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