The correction of inverted nipples without scars: 17 Years' experience, 452 operations

Abstract

The surgical correction of one of the most frequent congenital malformations, inverted nipples, is analyzed here following a long series of cases, some of which, among the first, date back 17 years and more. The article describes the previous surgical methods and the reasons why they failed, as well as the principle, technique, and long-term results of the author's personal method. It also emphasizes the need for the medical profession and the public to be widely informed, to avoid the problems this malformation creates among a large number of women.