Inactivation of viruses, bacteria, protozoa and leukocytes in platelet and red cell concentrates

Abstract

Despite the increased safety of blood achieved through continued improvements in donor testing, concern remains about the safety of blood components. Transfusion of cellular components has been implicated in transmission of viral, bacterial, and protozoan diseases [1]. While it is commonly recognized that hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus, and the retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and the human lymphotrophic viruses can be transmitted through cellular components, other pathogens are emerging as potentially significant transfusion-associated infectious agents. For example, transmission of protozoan infections due to trypanosomes [2-4] and babesia [5] have been reported. In addition to viral and protozoal infectious agents, bacterial contamination of platelet and red cell concentrates continues to be reported [6, 7] and may be an under-reported transfusion complication [8]. More importantly, new infectious agents, such as HIV, may periodically enter the donor population before they can be identified. During the past decade a number of methods to inactivate infectious pathogens in blood components have been investigated. This technology is now in the clinical trial phase.