IgG antibody titer against Helicobacter pylori correlates with presence of cytotoxin associated gene A-positive H. pylori strains

Abstract

The level of the IgG antibody titer against Helicobacter pylori correlates with the severity of gastritis. H. pylori strains can harbor the so-called pathogenicity island, containing the cytotoxin associated gene (cagA). Since cagA-positive strains are more virulent it can be postulated that the gastritis will be more severe and hence the IgG antibody titer higher. In a cross-sectional study the correlation of IgG antibody titer and cagA status was studied from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained to determine the H. pylori status. In addition a serum sample was taken for detection of IgG antibodies against H. pylori as well as CagA. A total of 290 patients positive for IgG antibodies against H. pylori were included. Of these 153 were cagA-positive and 137 were cagA-negative. The mean IgG antibody titer was significantly higher in cagA-positive patients compared to cagA-negatives, 0.75 (S.D. 0.22) versus 0.69 (S.D. 0.24) (P=0.033). It is concluded that the IgG antibody titer is significantly higher in patients harboring cagA-positive H. pylori strains. However, in daily practice the level in IgG antibody titer cannot predict whether or not an individual carries a cagA-positive H. pylori strain since major overlap in IgG antibody titer between cagA-positive and cagA-negative patients is present.