Effects of acute and chronic midthoracic spinal cord injury on neural circuits for male sexual function. II. Descending pathways

Abstract

In normal animals, microstimulation of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) has two effects on efferent neurons in the motor branch of the pudendal nerve (PudM). MRF microstimulation depresses motoneuron reflex discharges (RD) elicited by dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) stimulation and produces long latency sympathetic fiber responses (SFR). The midthoracic spinal location of these descending MRF-PudM projections was studied electrophysiologically using a variety of acute and chronic lesions. Chronic lesions, in 27 mature male rats, included dorsal (DHx) or lateral (LHx) hemisections or moderate/severe contusions (Cx) at spinal level T(8). Behavioral data (sexual reflex latency, bladder voiding) obtained throughout the recovery period revealed a significant impairment of urogenital function for the DHx and severe Cx groups of animals. Microstimulation-induced PudM-RDs and PudM-SFRs, obtained in terminal electrophysiological experiments 30 days postinjury in the same 27 rats (urethan-anesthetized), were tested for a combined total of 1,404 bilateral MRF sites. PudM-RD was obtained for LHx and moderate Cx groups of animals but not for DHx or severe Cx groups. PudM-SFRs were obtained for LHx, DHx (although significantly weakened) and moderate Cx groups but not for those having received either an over-DHx or a severe Cx injury. PudM responses also were tested for 6 MRF sites in six intact control rats both before and after various select acute spinal cord lesions. For MRF sites producing a robust PudM-RD and PudM-SFR, acute bilateral lesions confined to the dorsolateral quadrant (DLQ) eliminated the PudM-RD but failed to eliminate PudM-SFRs. A deeper lesion encompassing additional white matter located dorsally in the ventrolateral quadrant (VLQ) was necessary to eliminate PudM-SFRs. Overall, these electrophysiological results provide evidence for descending projections conveying information between MRF and the lower thoracic/lumbosacral male urogenital circuitry within the DLQ and the dorsal-most aspect of VLQ at the midthoracic level of spinal cord. The alterations of supraspinal projections observed after chronic injury are likely of important clinical significance for functional recovery in cases of clinically incomplete spinal cord injury at midthoracic spinal cord.