[Use of specific anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (sATG) for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases (author's transl)]

Abstract

Difficulties in the production of specific antisera against T-lymphocytes could be overcome by a stepwise absorption and purification procedure of anti-human thymocyte serum. Specific anti-T lymphocyte globulin (sATG) reacted with thymocytes, thymus-derived lymphocytes and a lymphoblastoid cell line of T-cell type whereas no activity was found against lymphoblastoid cell lines of B-cell type. Five chronic and three acute lymphatic leukemias were characterized using sATG in the cytotoxic test, electron microscopy, complement fixation test and quantitative immunoautoradiography, and compared with lymphocyte populations of normal individuals. Three chronic lymphatic leukemias with low numbers of spontaneous rosettes and high percentages of membrane-Ig-positive lymphocytes showed only few T-cell-antigen-positive lymphocytes and were therefore classified as B-cell leukemias. The cells of two chronic lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes carried T-cell-antigen. The T-cell-antigen concentration, however, was lower than that of normal peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. The T-cell nature of two acute lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes was confirmed by a positive reaction of the cells with sATG. In one case of acute lymphatic leukemia most leukemic cells carried T-cell-antigen although these cells did not form spontaneous rosettes. In the first two cases the T-cell-antigen concentration on the cell surface exceeded that of normal blood-T-lymphocytes, in the latter case it was slightly below that. The advantages of the characterization of leukemias with sATG in comparison with the spontaneous rosette formation and the relevance for prognosis are discussed.