The effect of the thymus-independent antigens, collagen and synthetic collagen-like polypeptide, on the requirement of cell cooperation in the immune response to thymus-dependent antigens

Abstract

The effect of thymus-independent antigens on the need for cell cooperation in the immune response to thymus-dependent antigens was investigated. Irradiated recipient mice transplanted with either bone marrow cells or a mixture of bone marrow and thymus cells, were immunized with the thymus-independent antigen (Pro-Gly-Pro)n covalently conjugated to the thymus-dependent ovalbumin, or with a mixture of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n and ovalbumin. In both cases an effective response towards ovalbumin was observed in the absence of thymus cells as was found for the thymus-independent (Pro-Gly-Pro)n. The same effect on ovalbumin was demonstrated when a mixture of the thymus-independent collagen and ovalbumin was used for immunization. On the other hand, when irradiated reconstituted mice were immunized with a mixture of ovalbumin and the thymus-dependent gelatin, which is the denatured product of collagen, cell-to-cell cooperation was required for an immune response to both immunogens. The effect of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n and collagen on the response to the thymus-dependent ovalbumin in vivo was observed in in vitro experiments using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as the immunogen as well. In the presence of reduced and carboxymethylated (RCM) Ascaris collagen and (Pro-Gly-Pro)n, nude spleen cells could produce significant numbers of plaque-forming cells towards SRBC. Thus, (Pro-Gly-Pro)n and collagen can deliver the signal required to stimulate B cells to produce antibody towards thymus-dependent antigens in the absence of T cells. In contrast to the results with (Pro-Gly-Pro)n and collagen, the thymus-independent synthetic polypeptide poly(DTyr, DGlu-)-poly(DPro)--poly(DLys) did not affect the requirement for cell cooperation of the thymus-dependent immunogens, ovalbumin and SRCB. It thus appears that the ability to substitute for T cells for antibody production towards thymus-dependent immunogens is not a general characteristic of thymus-independent antigens.