Median pancreatectomy for tumors of the neck and body of the pancreas

Abstract

Background: When enucleation is too risky because of possible damage of the main pancreatic duct, benign tumors located in the neck or body of the pancreas are usually removed by a left (spleno)-pancreatectomy or by a pancreatoduodenectomy. But standard pancreatic resection results in an important loss of normal pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of exocrine and endocrine function. The aim of this study was to evaluate early and longterm results of median pancreatectomy, a limited resection of the midportion of the pancreas, in selected patients with benign or borderline tumors of the pancreas.

Study design: Records of patients at Ospedale Busonera between November 1985 and September 1998 were reviewed. Ten patients with tumors of the neck or body of the pancreas underwent median pancreatectomy; the cephalic stump was sutured and the distal stump was anastomosed with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. Followup included clinical evaluation and routine laboratory tests: abdominal ultrasonography, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function with fecal chymotrypsin, and an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results: Pathologic examination showed: insulinoma (n = 3), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 3), nonfunctioning endocrine tumor (n = 1), papillary-cystic neoplasm (n= 1), serous cystadenoma (n = 1), and intraductal mucinous tumor (n = 1). Operative mortality and morbidity were 0% and 40%, respectively; pancreatic fistula occurred in three patients. At mean followup of 62.7 months, no recurrence was found and no patient had exocrine insufficiency or glucose metabolism impairment.

Conclusions: Median pancreatectomy is a safe and effective alternative to major pancreatic resection in selected patients with benign or low-malignant lesions of the pancreas. This procedure carries a surgical risk similar to that of the standard operation, but avoids extensive pancreatic resection and pancreatic function impairment.