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Review
. 2000 Jul;13(3):385-407.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.13.3.385.

Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers

E M Beltrami  1 , I T Williams, C N Shapiro, M E Chamberland
Affiliations
Review

Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers

E M Beltrami et al. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jul.

Abstract

Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, the risk of HBV transmission is 6 to 30%, and the risk of HCV transmission is approximately 1.8%. To minimize the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission from HCWs to patients, all HCWs should adhere to standard precautions, including the appropriate use of hand washing, protective barriers, and care in the use and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Employers should have in place a system that includes written protocols for prompt reporting, evaluation, counseling, treatment, and follow-up of occupational exposures that may place a worker at risk of blood-borne pathogen infection. A sustained commitment to the occupational health of all HCWs will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and the availability of optimal medical care for all who need it.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Determining the need for HIV PEP after an occupational exposure. This algorithm is intended to provide guidance for occupational exposures to blood, fluid containing visible blood, or other potentially infectious fluid or tissue through a percutaneous injury or through contact with a mucous membrane or nonintact skin. Follow steps 1 through 3 to determine the PEP recommendation. Adapted from reference .
FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Determining the need for HIV PEP after an occupational exposure. This algorithm is intended to provide guidance for occupational exposures to blood, fluid containing visible blood, or other potentially infectious fluid or tissue through a percutaneous injury or through contact with a mucous membrane or nonintact skin. Follow steps 1 through 3 to determine the PEP recommendation. Adapted from reference .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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