Renal excretion of fluoride in renal failure and after renal transplantation

Abstract

We have compared the renal excretion of fluoride in a variety of patients with chronic renal failure maintained with and without protein restriction before and during regular dialysis treatment and after transplantation. The patients tended to continue to excrete normal dietary loads of fluoride quite well until renal function was seriously reduced. From a regression of function on excretion the mean level of creatinine clearance when a normal dietary load of fluoride 0.0526 plus or minus 0.019 mmol/2 h (1.0 plus or minus 0.36 mg/24h) has a 90% chance of being excreted lies around 16 ml/min, a level when most patients with renal failure will be symptomatic. Acute loading of such patients with additional fluoride in the form of sodium fluoride from 40 mg to 60 mg/day showed a twofold to threefold increase of serum fluoride concentrations, slight increases in urinary fluoride excretion, and heavy tissue absorption, suggesting that prior fluoride loading of the skeleton had not taken place. These effects contrasted with those in one patient with normal renal function and with those in one patient with skeletal saturation due to prolonged loading. After renal transplantation fluoride excretion increased but reached normal levels within three months of satisfactory function, suggesting that fluoride loading in renal failure and during regular dialysis therapy had not been excessive.