Annual Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rates (EIR) across Africa: literature survey, Internet access and review

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an extensive search of the formal and informal literature on annual Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rates (EIR) across Africa from 1980 onwards. It first describes how the annual EIR data were collated, summarized, geo-referenced and staged for public access on the internet. Problems of data standardization, reporting accuracy and the subsequent publishing of information on the internet follow. The review was conducted primarily to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of malaria exposure in Africa and supports the idea of highly heterogeneous risk at the continental, regional and country levels. The implications for malaria control of the significant spatial (and seasonal) variation in exposure to infected mosquito bites are discussed.

Figure

A map showing the geo-referenced locations in Africa for which annual EIR data were published. The top left corner is 40°N, 20°W. Each grid square is 5 × 5 degrees and north is to the top of the page.