Percutaneous necrosectomy and sinus tract endoscopy in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis: an initial experience

Abstract

Objective: To describe the development of a minimally invasive technique aimed at surgical debridement in addition to simple drainage of the abscess cavity.

Summary background data: Surgical intervention for secondary infection of pancreatic necrosis is associated with a death rate of 25% to 40%. Although percutaneous approaches may drain the abscess, they have often failed in the long term as a result of inability to remove the necrotic material adequately.

Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients with infected necrosis secondary to acute pancreatitis were studied. The initial four patients underwent sinus tract endoscopy along a drainage tract for secondary sepsis after prior open necrosectomy. This technique was then modified to allow primary debridement for proven sepsis to be carried out percutaneously in a further 10 patients. The techniques and initial results are described.

Results: Additional surgery for sepsis was successfully avoided in the initial four patients managed by sinus tract endoscopy, and none died. Of the following 10 patients managed by percutaneous necrosectomy, 2 died. The median inpatient stay was 42 days. There was one conversion for intraoperative bleeding. Eight patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital after a median of three percutaneous explorations. Only 40% of patients required intensive care management after surgery.

Conclusions: These initial results in an unselected group of patients are encouraging and show that unlike with percutaneous or endoscopic techniques, both resolution of sepsis and adequate necrosectomy can be achieved. The authors' initial impression of a reduction in postoperative organ dysfunction is particularly interesting; however, the technique requires further evaluation in a larger prospective series.

Figure 1. Necrotic debris after piecemeal removal.

Figure 2. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images (patient 6) after percutaneous necrosectomy.