A clinicopathological classification of granulomatous disorders

Abstract

Granulomatous disorders comprise a large family sharing the histological denominator of granuloma formation. A granuloma is a focal compact collection of inflammatory cells, mononuclear cells predominating, usually as a result of the persistence of a non-degradable product and of active cell mediated hypersensitivity. There is a complex interplay between invading organism or prolonged antigenaemia, macrophage activity, a Th1 cell response, B cell overactivity and a vast array of biological mediators. Differential diagnosis and management demand a skilful interpretation of clinical findings and pathological evidence. They are classified into infections, vasculitis, immunological aberration, leucocyte oxidase deficiency, hypersensitivity, chemicals, and neoplasia.