Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine lung tumors: a Spanish Multicenter Study. Spanish Multicenter Study of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung of the Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (EMETNE-SEPAR)

Abstract

Background: This study examines the experience of the Spanish Multicenter Study of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung through the clinical data and behavior of patients treated for this pathologic process.

Methods: From 1980 to 1997, 361 cases of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) were treated surgically. Patients were enrolled in a protocol using the pathologic and follow-up reports. According to Dreslers' criteria, the cases were segregated into grade 1 (typical carcinoid), grade 2 (atypical carcinoid), grade 3 large cell type, and grade 3 small cell type. Several variables were reviewed in all patients. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether clinical characteristics and differentiation were associated with significant differences in the prognosis.

Results: A total of 261 cases of NEC were identified with grade 1, 43 with grade 2, and with grade 3: 22 of large and 35 of small cells. Five-year survival for different grades was as follows: grade 1, 96%; 2, 72%; 3 large cell type, 21%; and 3 small cell type, 14%. When a comparative analysis between typical and atypical carcinoids was performed a significant difference for mean age, tumor size, nodal metastases, and recurrence was observed. However, female sex, nodal metastases, and recurrence rate differed between atypical carcinoids and grade 3 NEC of large cells. A difference in recurrence rate was found between patients with both types of grade 3 NEC.

Conclusions: The progressive deterioration of tumor organization highlights that neuroendocrine tumors constitute a continuous spectrum. A careful observation of pathologic findings is necessary to individualize their prognostic factors.