Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B lipid complex injection (ABLC) in solid-organ transplant recipients with invasive fungal infections

Abstract

Background: Fungal infections following solid-organ transplantation are a major source of morbidity and mortality. This report describes the efficacy and safety of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Injection (ABLC) in solid-organ transplant recipients.

Methods: Three open-label, second-line treatment studies evaluated ABLC as a treatment for severe, life-threatening mycoses in patients who were refractory to or intolerant to conventional antifungal (mostly amphotericin B [AmB]) therapy or had pre-existing renal disease.

Results: The 79 solid-organ transplant recipients (25 heart, 20 liver, 17 kidney, 11 lung, 5 multiple, 1 pancreas) who received ABLC in these studies had the following fungal infections: aspergillosis (n = 39); candidiasis (n = 20); zygomycosis (n = 8); cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis (n = 3 each); and blastomycosis, cladosporiosis, fusariosis, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Dactylaria gallopava, and an unspecified fungal infection (n = 1 each). The median duration of ABLC therapy was 28 d (1-178 d). The daily dose ranged between 1.6 and 7.4 mg/kg (median, 4.6 mg/kg). The clinical response rate for the patients who could be assessed was 58% (39/67). Clinical response rates for heart, liver, kidney, and lung recipients were 59, 60, 67, and 40%, respectively; response rates for aspergillosis and candidiasis were 47 and 71%, respectively. Forty-six of the 79 patients (58%) survived for more than 28 d after the last dose of ABLC. Mean baseline serum creatinine was 3.2 mg/dL; 64 patients (81%) had stable (n = 37) or improved (n = 27) serum creatinine at the end of treatment.

Conclusions: ABLC is safe and effective treatment for fungal infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Its renal-sparing properties are particularly suited for this high-risk population for renal failure.